"Theory Posting"

I believe that the two sides of the binary issue of deforestation stem from seeing the value of rainforests in two different lights. The side that includes logging companies and governments see only the short term benefits of deforestation. Many economies of smaller countries rely on making wood products and cultivating crops such as palm oil for a substantial amount of revenue. The other side looks at more of the long term effects of deforestation. I think that it is currently considered a "binary" issue because most people are unaware of the grave state of the rainforests; we can blow it off because deforestation is not something that directly affects us, yet. So, even if people are anti-deforestation, until they actually start being pro-active about it, they might as well be pro-deforestation. An order to bring an end to these polarized sides, both sides need to come to a comprise on the situation. Anti-deforestation people need to accept that deforestation will probably never come to an end completely and that such radical proposals are thus unhelpful to the problem, and pro-deforestation people need to practice more environmentally friendly cultivation methods, and afforestation in all affected forests.

"Implications Posting"

At the current rate of deforestation, 13 million hectares of forests lost per year, rainforests could be completely destroyed in less than 40 years! Consequently, the whole world will be negatively affected by this. Global warming will increase drastically because there will be a lot less trees to absorb carbon dioxide and turn it into oxygen. Loss of the rainforests will create a major dent in biodiversity. Many endangered animals of the rainforests such as the orangutan will become extinct, affecting the entire ecosystem of rainforest areas. Also, many remedies derived from plants will no longer be available and the possibility of finding a cure for cancer decreases tremendously. Lastly, native people of the rainforests will no longer be able to thrive here; forcing them to live an unfamiliar world where they will have a hard time assimilating into the busy and at times cruel world of "civilized society;" this will be a great loss to the diverse aspect of the world and the many unique cultures of it.

Orangutans on the Brink of Extinction

Deforestation has pushed the existence of Orangutans closer to the brink than ever. They have lost around 80% of their home over the past two decades due to slash and burn methods to clear land for palm oil plantations and logging. The illegal pet trade also contributes to their demise. Poachers capture baby Orangutans, killing the mother in the process, and sell them to people for entertainment and amusement. However, they do not stay cute babies forever; once they are grown, they become too uncontrollable and large to be domesticated. The owner usually either cages them in horrible conditions, kills them, or releases them back into the wild. Even if they are released back into the wild, they have not grown up with the skills needed to survive in the wild, and will most likely die because of this.

The Indigenous People of the Rainforests

Tropical rainforests have provided shelter for humans since ancient times. These people have built their lives around the surrounding forests and its systems. Consequently, they are a great storehouse of the knowledge about the forests. They know the medicinal properties of the plants, and understand the value of the forest as a thriving ecosystem. However, as forests fall, these people lose their homes and their culture. There were an estimated ten million Indians living in the Amazon rainforest, today there are only about 200,000. In Brazil alone, European colonists have destroyed about 90 indigenous tribes since the 1990's.
In the past, commercial firms, settlers, and governments developed forest lands without the permission of the original indigenous inhabitants. Even today, in countries like Brazil and Bolivia, private interests illegally encroach on the lands of native peoples. Sometimes, indigenous people will be given the choice of whether they want their land developed or left in its natural state. Often times, this creates a rift in the tribe because some people want the change, and some want the land untouched. On occasion, development firms will make a deal with those who support development, ignoring the wishes of the rest. Elders of a community can also be taken advantage of by developers because they don't always understand the meaning of "sale;" they regard land and many other material things as communal property, something that is shared among all. When development occurs, native people are encouraged to move away from the rainforests and into a more civilized area. Many are reluctant, but they do see conveniences in our culture such as T-shirts and Tupperware. As they slowly start to turn to this culture, think of all the elements from their culture they lose, and in turn we lose. Knowledge about the complexity of the rainforests, medicinal plants, methods of cultivation, ecological value, are all gone. Gone are the unique cultures that have thrived in the rainforests for generations.

Palm Oil and its Evils

Palm oil is the most productive oil seed in the world. A single hectare of palm oil may yield 5,000 kilograms of crude oil, or nearly 6,000 liters of crude oil. In comparison, soybeans and corn—crops often considered as top biofuel sources—generate only 446 and 172 liters per hectare, respectively. Palm oil is so diverse in its uses, this makes it the world's number one fruit crop, beating out bananas. It is used for a wide variety purposes, such as an ingredient in food, engine lubricants, and bases for cosmetics. Palm oil is increasingly becoming an important agricultural product for tropical countries around the world; oil palm plantation in Indonesia covered 5.3 million hectares of the country in 2004. Palm oil is also used as a raw material in a biodiesel production, which is a fuel that is derived from vegetable and animal fat, that when burned, have fewer emissions than the typical petroleum-based fuels.
So, because the world is so reliant upon palm oil, and it could lead to a more environmentally-friendly fuel, why is palm oil cultivation such a concern? The answer lies in how the crop is produced. In recent years, vast areas of natural forest have been cleared across tropical Asia for oil palm plantations. This conversion has reduced biodiversity, increased vulnerability to fires, and affected local communities that are dependent on services and products provided by forest ecosystems. Palm oil cultivation also adds to pollution. In 2001, Malaysia’s production of 7 million tons of crude palm oil generated 9.9 million tons of solid oil wastes, palm fiber, and shells, and 10 million tons of palm oil mill effluent, which is a polluted mix of crushed shells, water, and fat residues that has been shown to have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Trees are so Yesterday

If it wasn't for the fact that trees in rainforests take such a long time to grow back, deforestation would not be such a major problem. A sixty foot high tree would take around 60 years to regrow, however, the equivalent to sixty feet in bamboo would only take 60 days to grow. Bamboo could be a really sensible substitute for hardwood forests. It is the fastest growing plant on earth, it is known to produce greater biomass, and 30% more oxygen than a hardwood forest of similar size. Bamboo, in return of producing this much oxygen, it can absorb up to 12 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare, making it more efficient than hardwood trees. Also, it improves watersheds, prevents soil erosion, provides edible shoots, and removes toxins from contaminated soils.

Bamboo is a natural water control barrier. With Its widespread root system and large canopy, bamboo greatly reduces rain run off, prevents massive soil erosion, and keeps twice as much water in a water shed. Bamboo is really advantageous to damaged lands. Proper harvesting does not kill the bamboo plant, thus topsoil is held in place. Because its root system provides large coverage of the forest floor, bamboo feeds the topsoil, restoring the damaged agricultural land making it usable for many years.

Deforestation Adds to Global Warming! AHHHHH!!!

Most people only link global warming to carbon emissions from power plants and cars, but a lesser known cause is deforestation. As it may come as a surprise, deforestation is the second principle cause of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation is responsible for 25% of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere, due to the cutting and burning of approximately 34 million acres of trees per year. Trees are 50% carbon; when they are cut down or burned, carbon dioxide is released back into the air. Also, as you probably know, trees and plants absorb CO2 for photosynthesis, and they release oxygen as a product. Therefore, deforestation not only releases CO2 into the air, it prevents the process of photosynthesis because there are no longer any trees to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen once the forest is destroyed. One clearing that has really impacted the atmosphere was in 1987, when an Amazonian rainforest the size of Great Britain was burned. This added 500 million tons of CO2 to the atmosphere.

Deforestation (Analysis Post)

The world seems to be neglecting and ignoring the importance of the earth’s rainforests to the continuity of mankind. With the increasing population in this industrialized country, people tend to only value the rainforests for their wood products such as furniture, window sills, sea defenses, door frames, flooring, garden furniture, and toys . The fact is, however, that rainforests produce a significant amount of oxygen to the entire world, and without them, the world cannot survive. Supplying oxygen is probably the most important contribution of rainforests, but they also provide a wealth of resources such as basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine . Rainforests used to cover fourteen percent of the world, and now they only cover 2 percent. If deforestation continues at this rate, experts estimate, the last remaining rainforests could be destroyed in less than forty years .
One and a half acres of rainforests are being cut down every second solely due to the value of their timber as perceived by ignorant governments, logging companies, and land owners . Not only is deforestation slowly affecting the entire human race, it is currently hurting both wildlife and indigenous tribes. Even with what little rainforests are left, they still contain a wealth of species and plant diversity. For instance, more than half of the world's estimated ten million species of plant, animals, and insects live in the rainforests. One hectare can contain 750 types of trees and 1500 other plant species. However, due to deforestation, nearly half of the world's species of plants, animals and microorganisms will be destroyed or severely threatened over the next quarter century. At the rate of losing 50,000 species a year, according to experts, this speculation seems highly possible. Also, there were an estimated ten million Indians living in the Amazonian Rainforest five centuries ago; today there are less than 200,000 . In Brazil alone, European colonists have destroyed more than 90 indigenous tribes since the 1900's. Besides the fact that it is morally wrong to destroy the homes of these people, they can also be a help in understanding medicinal uses of plants because they solely rely on natural remedies, thus they are more knowledgeable about them. However, each time a medicine man dies, it as if a library burns down, and the tribe and the world loses thousands of years of irreplaceable knowledge about medicinal plants .
According to experts, the cure for AIDs and cancer will most likely be found in the rainforests. More than 25 percent of the active ingredients in today's cancer-fighting drugs come from organisms found only in the rainforest. The U.S. National Cancer Institute has identified more than 3,000 plants that are active against cancer cells, and 70 percent of these plants are found only in the rainforest . For example, two drugs obtained from a rainforest plant known as the Madagascar periwinkle have increased the chances of survival for children with leukemia from 20 percent to 80 percent . Ultimately, this means that eight out of ten children are being saved rather than eight out of ten children are dying from leukemia. It's a good thing tdhis valuable plant was discovered before deforestation led to its extinction; think about all of the possible cures we have already lost. Also, along with the thousands of species of rainforest plants that have not been analyzed come many more thousands of unknown plant chemicals, many of which have evolved to protect the plants from diseases. These plant chemicals may well help in the ongoing struggle with pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are mutating against mainstream drugs and becoming resistant to them . These pathogens cause serious diseases, including hepatitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and HIV, all of which are becoming more difficult to treat. Besides the possibilities of cures for big diseases such as cancer and AIDs, we still rely on rainforest plants for curing our ailments. Almost 90 percent of people in developing countries still depend upon traditional medicine, based on different species of plants and animals, for their primary health care . In the United States, about 25 percent of prescriptions are filled with drugs whose active ingredients are extracted or derived from plants, and currently 121 prescription drugs sold worldwide come from plants . So what's more important to you- nice upholstery made out of teak and mahogany, or finding cures for terminal diseases?
Massive deforestation brings with it many negative consequences to the environment. These consequences entail water and air pollution, soil erosion, but the main problem is the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, thus contributing to global warming. Most people only relate global warming to carbon emissions from humans and the burning of coal, gas and fossil fuels, but in fact, 25%-30% of the greenhouse gases released every year, is caused by deforestation . Trees are 50% carbon, and whenever they are chopped down or burned, the CO2 they store releases back into the air. We are currently cutting down 34 million acres of forests down per year; that's a lot of carbon released into the atmosphere every year . For example, in 1987 an area of the Amazon rainforest the size of Britain was burned, adding 500 million tons of CO2 to the atmosphere. Even though too much damage has already been done to the rainforest to be completely redeemed, the only solution is to stop destroying the rainforests, and to start replanting trees (afforestation) in the victimized areas to soak up carbon dioxide.
The main reason for deforestation of the rainforests is logging for its tropical hardwoods, like teak, mahogany, rosewood, and other timber for building materials, furniture, charcoal, and other wood products . This is big business which equates to big profits. The demand for these woods are so high, that the countries who once exported these tropical hardwoods, are now importing because they have already exhausted their supply in their native rainforests. Also, trees are cleared so there can be roads for which the timber can be transported, so logging for timber does double damage to the rainforests .
Some other lesser known causes of deforestation is the fuel and paper industry, large-scale cattle grazing, and subsistence farming. An example of using wood for fuel, is a steel plant in Brazil for making Japanese cars needs millions of tons of wood each year to produce charcoal that can be used in the manufacture of steel . As for the paper industry, currently, 200 million tons of wood are required just to make paper. Also, as the demand for cheap meat increases, forests are cleared to provide grazing land for animals. Most of Central America and Latin America's tropical and temperate forests have already been lost to this reason, yet cattle operations are still continuing . Lastly, native peoples of the rainforests are cutting down trees for cultivating crops to sustain their life. Even though the soil of the rainforests actually lack nutrients and is infertile, farmers are unaware of this, and they keep cutting down more trees after they realize the first area did not work.

The Other Side (The Dark Side)

The main reason for deforestation of the rainforests is logging for its tropical hardwoods, like teak, mahogany, rosewood, and other timber for building materials, furniture, charcoal, and other wood products; this is big business which equates to big profits. The demand for these woods are so high, that the countries who once exported these tropical hardwoods, are now importing because they have already exhausted their supply in their native rainforests. Also, trees are cleared so there can be roads for which the timber can be transported, so logging for timber does double damage to the rainforests.
Some other lesser known causes of deforestation is the fuel and paper industry, large-scale cattle grazing, and subsistence farming. An example of using wood for fuel, is a steel plant in Brazil for making Japanese cars needs millions of tons of wood each year to produce charcoal that can be used in the manufacture of steel. As for the paper industry, currently, 200 million tons of wood are required just to make paper. Also, as the demand for cheap meat increases, forests are cleared to provide grazing land for animals. Most of Central America and Latin America's tropical and temperate forests have already been lost to this reason, yet cattle operations are still continuing. Lastly, native peoples of the rainforests are cutting down trees for cultivating crops to sustain their life. Even though the soil of the rainforests actually lack nutrients and is infertile, farmers are unaware of this, and they keep cutting down more trees after they realize the first area did not work.

Rainforests, Pharmacy to the World

According to experts, the cure for AIDs and cancer will most likely be found in the rainforests. More than 25 percent of the active ingredients in today's cancer-fighting drugs come from organisms found only in the rainforest. The U.S. National Cancer Institute has identified more than 3,000 plants that are active against cancer cells, and 70 percent of these plants are found only in the rainforest. For example, two drugs obtained from a rainforest plant known as the Madagascar periwinkle have increased the chances of survival for children with leukemia from 20 percent to 80 percent. Ultimately, this means that eight out of ten children are being saved rather than eight out of ten children are dying from leukemia. It's a good thing this valuable plant was discovered before deforestation led to its extinction; think about all of the possible cures we have already lost. Also, along with the thousands of species of rainforest plants that have not been analyzed come many more thousands of unknown plant chemicals, many of which have evolved to protect the plants from diseases. These plant chemicals may well help in the ongoing struggle with pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are mutating against mainstream drugs and becoming resistant to them. These pathogens cause serious diseases, including hepatitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and HIV, all of which are becoming more difficult to treat.
Besides the possibilities of cures for big diseases such as cancer and AIDs, we still rely on rainforest plants for curing our ailments. Almost 90 percent of people in developing countries still depend upon traditional medicine, based on different species of plants and animals, for their primary health care. In the United States, about 25 percent of prescriptions are filled with drugs whose active ingredients are extracted or derived from plants, and currently 121 prescription drugs sold worldwide come from plants. So what's more important to you- nice upholstery made out of teak and mahogany, or finding cures for terminal diseases?

Deforestation Destroying the Lungs of our Planet

The world seems to be neglecting and ignoring the importance of the earth’s rainforests to the continuity of mankind. With the increasing population in this industrialized country, people tend to only value the rainforests for their wood products. The fact is, however, that rainforests produce a significant amount of oxygen to the entire world, and without them, the world cannot survive. Supplying oxygen is probably the most important contribution of rainforests, but they also provide a wealth of resources such as basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine. Rainforests used to cover fourteen percent of the world, and now they only cover six percent. If deforestation continues at this rate, experts estimate, the last remaining rainforests could be destroyed in less than forty years.

One and a half acres of rainforests are being cut down every second solely due to the value of their timber as perceived by ignorant governments, logging companies, and land owners. Not only is deforestation slowly affecting the entire human race, it is currently hurting both wildlife and indigenous tribes. For instance, nearly half of the world's species of plants, animals and microorganisms will be destroyed or severely threatened over the next quarter century due to deforestation. Also, there were an estimated ten million Indians living in the Amazonian Rainforest five centuries ago; today there are less than 200,000. In Brazil alone, European colonists have destroyed more than 90 indigenous tribes since the 1900's.